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Investment Advice and Planning: Strategy - Module 3.10 Managed Portfolios – Risks

Edward Ketterer • April 11, 2023
Rule of Thumb

he selection of assets that comprise a portfolio of investments should always be determined by the risk tolerance of the investor. 


When it comes to investing the degree of return is usually relative to the level of risk taken i.e. the higher the return the higher the risk. There are over 50 different types of risk and whilst all have an impact on investing there are some that have a more significant impact on investments than others, with some forms of risk occurring in-frequently and with others potentially causing a paradigm shift affecting not only investments but the environment, quality of life, politics and virtually anything one can think of.


In this case, we look at investing and define risk where the outcome differs with the potential return seen as being higher returns relative to past performance and the possibility of a partial or full loss likely to occur. Managing risk starts by understanding what type of risk is involved and how it is determined. Once this is realized it is possible to avoid or manage the risk involved.

number of years it would take to double the value of an investment or alternatively provide a calculated rate of return to achieve a doubling in the value of an investment. The Rule of 72 is best calculated with yields between 6% and 10% and for every 3 percentage points change above or below 8% you add or subtract another point to/from the rule and in this case, this would lead you to The Rule of 73 with 6 percentage points leading to The Rule of 74 and below to The Rule of 70 and 69. Though the Rule of 69 is calculated by dividing 69 by the return plus 0.35.

  • Market Risk:  is simply the fluctuation in the value/price of a given asset or asset class over time in its given market i.e. exchange-traded securities, currency, property, commodities, alternative investments, debt instruments, and services

  • Inflation Risk: covers a number of potentials affecting the price of goods and services, interest rate hikes or interest rate reductions, and purchasing power diminished by rising prices. Also other forms of inflation i.e. hyperinflation, deflation, and stagflation.

  • Timing Risk: is the attempt to buy/sell assets based on potential returns which may or may not be realized with such attempts considered to generally be speculation.

  • Diversification Risk: Diversification is a strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio in an attempt to reduce volatility. The variety of investments covers all asset classes including jurisdictions i.e. countries.

  • Liquidity Risk: is determined by the ability of a firm, company, or even an individual to quickly access their funds i.e. to pay debts or meet cash needs instantly.

  • Reinvestment Risk: Reinvestment risk is the chance that cash flows received from an investment will earn less when put to use in a new investment.

  • Credit Risk: Credit risk is the possibility of losing monies due to borrowers being unable to meet payment or return the principal that is used for investing.

  • Value Risk: better known as Value-At-Risk (VAR) and measures the possible loss that can be incurred over a period of time for a given asset/investment.

  • Currency Risk: the possibility of losing money due to unfavorable moves in exchange rates caused by central bank policy changes as well as geopolitical policy changes.

  • Investment Management Risk: is the process of recognizing, evaluating, and managing the uncertainty of investment decisions. There are a number of strategies that can be used to determine the risk and are statistical in nature.

  • Due Diligence Risk: a process to evaluate and manage risk for a business or investment decision. The process can involve financial statements, and business models, including company management, staff, and business competition.

  • Economic Risk: sovereign debt, trade, and political wars, tariffs and sanctions, environmental laws and regulations, energy and infrastructure development, or lack thereof.

  • Sovereign Risk: the potential for a nation's government to default on its sovereign debt by failing to meet its interest or principal payments. This also includes not maintaining the rule of law and the inability to protect foreign investment in the country.

 

It is important to understand that risk is intrinsic to any investment and that the degree of risk is commonly determined by historical outcomes and the perception of an investor. In this case, perception is defined by the risk tolerance of the investor.

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Copyright © Edward Ketterer 2022

Edward Ketterer has asserted his rights to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

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